Impact of Colonial Administration
By 1949 the delicate
balance of the Bafut political system had been upset by the
loss of sovereignty. The office of the Fon had undergone the
most significant change, its prestige battered early in the
German period and then patched up again to serve their
interests. When the colonial authorities picked out the chief
they supported him to the exclusion of the other organs of
government such as Kwifor. This became a tool in the hands of the Fon to carry
out his obligations to the white man. The independent position
of Kwifor was therefore compromised.
As the Fon came to realise that whatever power and influence he
wielded depended on the white man he became increasingly
isolated form his age-long advisors. The British reinforced
this feeling by the deferential treatment they accorded him - a
gilded state umbrella, a Union Jack to fly over the palace and
a portrait of the sovereign to display in the audience hall. In
1946 Achirimbi was awarded the Certificate of Honour 'as a
record of the valuable services rendered by him to his own
country and people and to the British Government... and loyal
services given to the Administration in the maintenance of good
order'. The other chiefs did not take this kindly and wanted
their own regalia, not so much out of love for the British flag
and majesty but rather to boost their egos.
In such an elevated position Achirimbi took advantage of his
favourable standing with the administration and sought
compensation for loss of sovereignty to arrogate to himself the
residual powers the sub-chiefs, the Batangchuo, had
retained over land matters and other disputes. The latter found
themselves increasingly by-passed as their economic position
became difficult; for instance, the Batangchuo collected
taxes on behalf of the Fon but only he received the collectors'
rebates. The Fon was felt to have become increasingly arbitrary
with the result that public confidence in him fell as it became
evident that he was no longer adequately guided by
Kwifor counsel. His decisions no longer represented the
collective view of Fon and advisers. However, as far as
the administration was concerned he was one of the few rulers
considered as being progressive as he was willing to experiment
with new ideas. Colonial administrators treated him with great
respect and nationalist politicians followed suit.
The people of Bafut experienced two colonial eras and were
quick to draw sharp distinctions between the German and British
administrations. The Blut und Eisen discipline of the
Ngu-u ba Jaman (German era), particularly with regard to
their wars and seemingly off-hand manner of justice, contrasted
with the Ngu-u Inglisi (English era). The latter is also
known as the 'Question era', apparently in reference to English
legal procedure which, in the local view, perpetuated rather
than prevented crime. This was considered to result in
indiscipline in society since a smart person could avoid
justice by arguing his way out of trouble.
In conclusion this essay has demonstrated some of the
fundamental differences between German and British
administrative policies and in their application. In the case
of Bafut the distinction between German and British colonial
rule is clearly noticeable in the reaction of the people. Both
colonial powers faced problems in administration that resulted
from their attempts to use indigenous political institutions
for their own purposes. The problems which British
administrators faced in effecting their administrative policies
among the Bafut were similar to those which they faced in those
parts of Southern Nigeria with similar political institutions.
In other respects this period of colonial administration may
have been only one episode in the relatively long history of
the Bafut chiefdom but it was an episode which significantly
affected Bafut society.
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